Kenyan lecturers in public universities have launched a strike to protest against what they call the government's continued failure to implement a March deal to boost salaries and housing allowances.
Wednesday's strike piles pressure on a government still reeling from a strike by nurses in public hospitals that has paralysed health services.
It also worsens the plight of more than half a million students in 31 public universities.
The lecturers ended a 54-day strike over pay in February and signed a pact with the government in March.
"All academic staff at the 31 public universities are on strike from November 1," Constantine Wasonga, general secretary of the University Academic Staff Union, said in a statement. "The strike remains in force until the collective bargaining agreement is implemented in total."
The deal provided for a pay hike of 17.5% and an increase of 3.9% in housing allowances.
Government officials were not available to comment.
Kenyan public servants often strike over pay inequalities as the country's MPs are among the world's most highly paid, taking home around R160000 per month, including allowances, said Justine Musila of the parliamentary watchdog website, Mzalendo.
By contrast, lecturers' basic salaries range from R9200 to R26000 a month, before allowances.